Arrange chicken on a large rimmed baking sheet. Sprinkle with 1/4 teaspoon salt and pepper. Toss potatoes with 2 teaspoons oil and 1/4 teaspoon salt in a medium bowl. Spread around the chicken. Roast for 15 minutes.
Meanwhile, combine jam, mustard seeds, ginger and curry powder in a small bowl. Toss asparagus with the remaining 2 teaspoons oil and 1/4 teaspoon salt in the medium bowl.
After the first 15 minutes of roasting, stir the potatoes and add the asparagus to the pan in a single layer. Top the chicken with the jam mixture. Continue roasting until the vegetables are tender and an instant-read thermometer inserted in the thickest part of the chicken without touching bone registers 165°F, 15 to 18 minutes more. Sprinkle the chicken and vegetables with cilantro and serve with lime wedges, if desired.